Predicting Puppy Coat Color: Reading Combined Locus Genotypes
Coat color is not a single gene but a stack of switches that override each other. Here is the order they fire in and how to predict a litter.
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Does a White Coat Cause Deafness? Cochlear Melanocytes and the e/e Difference
White shepherds are not deaf-prone. Hearing loss tracks the genes that delete cochlear pigment cells, and the e/e white coat is not one of them.
Read moreE Locus Allele Frequencies in German Shepherd Populations
A population genetics analysis of how the recessive e allele distributes through German Shepherd and Berger Blanc Suisse populations, including carrier frequency estimates, founder effects, and what the numbers mean for breeders.
Read moreDNA Testing for the E Locus: A Breeder's Practical Guide
How DNA testing identifies the e/e, E/e, and E/E genotypes at the Extension locus in German Shepherds, including test accuracy, laboratory options, and interpreting results for breeding decisions.
Read moreThe Genetics of White: Why Some Shepherds Are Born White
A molecular explanation of how the e/e genotype at the MC1R locus produces white coat color in German Shepherds through normal pigmentation pathways.
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