Merle, Panda, and White: Three Patterns Routinely Confused in Shepherds
Merle, the Panda pattern, and white are three unrelated genetics often sold as the same thing. Here is how to tell them apart and spot a false claim.
Read moreCoat-Color-Genetics
Predicting Puppy Coat Color: Reading Combined Locus Genotypes
Coat color is not a single gene but a stack of switches that override each other. Here is the order they fire in and how to predict a litter.
Read moreThe Intensity Loci: Why Tan Becomes Cream and How Pheomelanin Dilutes
Why two white-coated littermates can range from rich fawn to near-white — how the Intensity loci dilute red and tan pigment without ever touching black.
Read moreThe S Locus: White Spotting, Piebald, and the Second Route to a White Coat
Piebald white comes from missing pigment cells, not a hidden e/e genotype. Here is how the MITF S locus works and why a true white shepherd is something else entirely.
Read more